By Design Study Guides. Body by Design Study Guide Flood by Design Study Guide Geology by Design Study Guide Big Book Study Guides. Big Book of History Teacher's Guide 3. Other Study Guides. Darwin's Demise Study Guide Finding the Favor of God Study Guide Life in the Fairway Study Guide The Genesis of Germs Study Guide One Blood Study Guide Study Guide Aphanitic: Grains less than 1 mm, very fine, very fast-cooling; exam- ple: rhyolite Weathering, e.
Glassy: No crystals, amorphous; example: obsidian erosion f. Pyroclastic: Made of pyroclasts; example: tuff 2. Mineral Composition: Determined by evaluating the percent present of the following common minerals: Sedimentary Sediment a. Plagioclase feldspar e. Quartz Rock b. Olivine f. Amphibole c. Potassium feldspar g. Biotite d. Pyroxene h. Color: Helps determine the mineral composition lithification a. Felsic: Light-colored, made of feldspars and silicates i. Quartz ii. Potassium feldspar iv.
Muscovite b. Mafic: Dark-colored, made of magnesium and iron ferric A. Igneous Rocks: Molten rock from deep within the Earth that has cooled i. Olivine 1. Magma: Molten rock inside the Earth ii. Pyroxene a. Produces intrusive igneous rocks iii. Amphibole b. Consists mainly of silicate materials iv. Biotite c. Contains gases, such as water vapor c.
Ultramafic: Very dark-colored d. Differs in rate of cooling, composition of chemicals, and amount of d. Intermediate: Between light- and dark-colored gases D. Lava: Molten rock on the surface of the Earth If a mineral, which has already formed, remains in the magma, it will react with a.
Produces extrusive igneous rocks the remaining magma to produce the next mineral in the sequence; for example, b. Calcium-rich parts of the magma form small crystals of feldspar b. These react with sodium in the magma to become more and more sodium rich B. Formations c. Crystal structure does not change 1. Batholith: Largest intrusive igneous rock body, greater than a.
Minerals that form react with remaining magma to form new mineral square miles, widens with depth plutonic, very deep b.
New mineral is the result of a structural change of previous mineral b. Stock: Similar to but smaller than batholith, less than square miles 3. End of Cooling c. Laccolith: Bulge of magma parallel to bedding plane a. When everything is almost cool, remaining magma will have high sili- d. Sill: Thin sheet, runs parallel to bedding plane cone content, and quartz will form e.
Dike: Cuts through formations, usually in fractures b. When cooling is complete, minerals that cooled at the same time will usu- 2. Extrusive Igneous Rock: Formed on the surface of the Earth volcanic ally be close to one another feldspar, micas and quartz cool near one a. Clastic rocks: detrital a. Accumulated debris from weathering and transport A. Sediments: Pieces or fragments from existing rock that b.
Conglomerate: Made up of gravel-sized particles 1. Weathering: Physical or chemical breakdown of rock that 2. Chemical rocks: Created from chemical precipitation creates sediments at or near the surface of the Earth a. Formed from materials in solution in bodies of water a. Mechanical weathering and erosion b. Most abundant form is limestone i.
Frost wedging 3. Organic Biochemical rocks: Created from biological remnants, ii. Unloading such as plants, shells, bones, or other organic matter iii. Biological activity: Roots, burrows C. Shapes, Sizes and Sorting of b.
Chemical weathering Sediments i. Water to rust oxidation 1. Shapes ii. CO2 and water make carbonic acid a. Angular: Sediment has sharp corners and iii. Rounded: Sediment has undergone abra- and silica sion and has rounded, smoothed edges 2.
Transport: Method of moving sediments 2. Sizes a. Running water, rivers c. Wind e. Ground water a. Glaciers d. Gravity f. Wave currents b. Depositional environment: Places where the sediment is Angular stone deposited c.
Continental - deserts, lakes, river beds, swamps, caves sandstone b. Continental and Marine - deltas, sand bars, lagunes, estuaries d. Pebble: Between 2 and 64 mm, creates a c. Marine - the ocean floor conglomerate 4. Lithification: Method of sediments becoming consolidated e.
Cobble: Between 64 and mm, creates sedimentary rocks a conglomerate a. Compaction: Weight compresses deeper sediments f. Customized designer notes fill space typically wasted, offering more value than any notebook on the market. A two pocket folder that includes a built-in study guide makes these folders the most valuable product of its kind.
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